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Scientific papers and publikations
Research & Innovation: Information for experts
In this section, you will find a collection of scientific papers, technical publications, and articles dealing with the technology of pressurized air cables and their application in modern power transmission systems. These publications are linked to its source and offer you deep insights into the various aspects of the technology.
Pressurized air cables
- New Technology for Sustainable Energy Transmission (12 kV - 420 kV)
🔗 Walter Holaus – [VDE Berlin 2022] LINK - Compact, Gas-Insulated Line Solution for 12 kV - 420 kV: Design, Simulation & Test Results
🔗 Walter Holaus, Michael Schueller & Matthias Schneider – [CIGRE 2022, A3 PS2, Paper 10657] LINK - Testing of Single-Phase Hivoduct Test Poles under Real Environmental Conditions
🔗 Martina Stadelmann – [FKH Annual Report 2022] - Comparison of Temperature Rise Measurements & Calculations for 24 kV, 3000 A Pressurized Air Cables in Different Configuration
🔗 Walter Holaus & Damian Aegerter – [Jicable Conference Lyon, Paper 235, 2023] LINK - Pressurized Air Cables for Medium and High Voltage: Encapsulation Design & Operating Experience for 145 kV, 2000 A
🔗 Walter Holaus – [FKH Technical Conference 2023] LINK - Testing, Installation & Operating Experience with Pressurized Air Cables for 36 kV, 3000 A and 145 kV, 2500 A
🔗 Walter Holaus – [Matpost Lyon 2023] LINK - Reduction of Transmission Losses with Pressurized Air Cables in Medium & High Voltage Networks
🔗 Walter Holaus & Zeljko Tanasic – [OVE Magazine e&i, Issue 09/2023] LINK - Demonstration System for Pressurized Air Cables: Experience Report
🔗 Walter Holaus – [Electrosuisse Leitungsbautagung 2023] LINK - Pressurized Air Cables of the Future
🔗 Michael Schüller – [Electrosuisse Bulletin 12/2023] LINK - Pressurized Air Unsulated Underground Cables
🔗 Benedikt Vogel – [BFE Publication Database 12/2023] LINK - Vor-Ort-Tests & 1 Jahr Betriebserfahrung für 145 kV, 2500 A Druckluftkabel
🔗 W. Holaus, Z. Tanasic, R. Lüthi, J. Smajic – [CIGRE 2024] LINK - Engineering & Schnittstellen von Druckluftkabeln für Mittel- & Hochspannungsprojekte
🔗 W. Holaus – [VDE Berlin] LINK - Optimierung von 3-phasig gekapselten Druckluftkabeln bis 420 kV für kompakte Stromtrassen
🔗 W. Holaus, E. Emeliyanov, O. Sefl, S. Chapuis – [Hochspannungssymposium Stuttgart 2026] LINK - 3-phase encapsulated pressurized air cables for 420 kV: Design, optimization, and application
🔗 W. Holaus, Z. Tanasic, E. Emeliyanov, E. Muller, J. Smajic – [CIGRE 2026]
Press articles and public reporting
- Swissgrid-Blog, 15.10.2025: Practical testing of pressurized air cables LINK
-
Obwaldner Tageszeitung 2024 LINK
- Parliamentary Initiative by Councilor Ettlin, 20.09.2023 LINK
- Energate-Article, 06.04.2023 LINK
Pilot installations & Test reports
- 45 kV Pressurized Air Cable Pilot Plant: Test & Operating Experience
🔗 W. Holaus – [GIS User Forum Darmstadt 09/2022] LINK - Demonstration System for Pressurized Air Cables: Experience Report
🔗 Walter Holaus – [Electrosuisse Leitungsbautagung 2023] LINK - On-Site Tests & 1 Year of Operating Experience for 145 kV, 2500 A Pressurized Air Cables
🔗 W. Holaus, Z. Tanasic, R. Lüthi, J. Smajic – [CIGRE 2024] LINK - Engineering & Interfaces of Pressurized Air Cables for Medium & High Voltage Projects
🔗 W. Holaus – [VDE Berlin] LINK - BFE Project SI/502385 "PAC145kV – Demonstrationsanlage Druckluftkabel 145 kV"
🔗 W. Holaus – [BFE Aramis database] LINK
Patents
- Hivoduct patent applications
🔗 Hivoduct – [Espacenet patent search] LINK
Additional literature to GIL technology
For detailed information, we recommend the technical book:
- Hermann Koch: Gas Insulated Transmission Lines – ISBN 978-0470665336
Technical studies for GIL
- AC-Compact High-Performance Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines – Article on Semantic Scholar
- Summary of GIL Technology by Mike Rycroft – Article on EE Publishers
Suppliers of GIL-products
- Siemens – Gas-Insulated-Lines (GIL)
- RBC Energo – GIL with SF6 Insulation
- AZZ Inc. – SF6 Gas-Insulated Lines
Insulation gas alternatives
Existing GIL products rely on SF6 or SF6 gas mixtures as the primary insulation between the high-voltage conductor and the housing. Research into alternative environmentally friendly gases is ongoing.
- Study on Insulating Gas Alternatives – MDPI Technical Article
- ABB GIS Reference Project in Switzerland – Mehr dazu hier
Flange connection technologies: Bolting & welding
Traditional GIL designs either use on-site welding of the housing tubes or bolted flanges to connect individual tubes into a continuous GIL system.
- Example of Classic GIL Connections – Wartmann Technology
- Siemens Technology for High-Performance Transmission – Documentation
DC-GIL: Future high-voltage transmission
With the increasing use of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, the application of GIL technology for DC applications is also being explored.
- Gas-insulated DC lines as an alternative to overhead lines – Power & Beyond Technical Article
Elektromagnetic fields for GIL
There are numerous studies on electromagnetic fields across different transmission technologies. The general consensus:
GIL technology has the lowest external influence, as the conductive, grounded housing significantly reduces the magnetic field.
Study on Electromagnetic Field Exposure in GIL – EMF-Informationsportal