Scientific papers and publikations

Research & Innovation: Information for experts

In this section, you will find a collection of scientific papers, technical publications, and articles dealing with the technology of pressurized air cables and their application in modern power transmission systems. These publications are linked to its source and offer you deep insights into the various aspects of the technology.

Pressurized air cables

New Technology for Sustainable Energy Transmission (12 kV - 420 kV)
🔗 Walter Holaus – [VDE Berlin 2022] LINK
Compact, Gas-Insulated Line Solution for 12 kV - 420 kV: Design, Simulation & Test Results
🔗 Walter Holaus, Michael Schueller & Matthias Schneider – [CIGRE 2022, A3 PS2, Paper 10657] LINK
Testing of Single-Phase Hivoduct Test Poles under Real Environmental Conditions
🔗 Martina Stadelmann – [FKH Annual Report 2022]
Comparison of Temperature Rise Measurements & Calculations for 24 kV, 3000 A Pressurized Air Cables in Different Configuration
🔗 Walter Holaus & Damian Aegerter – [Jicable Conference Lyon, Paper 235, 2023] LINK
Pressurized Air Cables for Medium and High Voltage: Encapsulation Design & Operating Experience for 145 kV, 2000 A
🔗 Walter Holaus – [FKH Technical Conference 2023] LINK
Testing, Installation & Operating Experience with Pressurized Air Cables for 36 kV, 3000 A and 145 kV, 2500 A
🔗 Walter Holaus – [Matpost Lyon 2023] LINK
Reduction of Transmission Losses with Pressurized Air Cables in Medium & High Voltage Networks
🔗 Walter Holaus & Zeljko Tanasic – [OVE Magazine e&i, Issue 09/2023] LINK
Demonstration System for Pressurized Air Cables: Experience Report
🔗 Walter Holaus – [Electrosuisse Cable Construction Conference 2023] LINK
Pressurized Air Cables of the Future
🔗 Michael Schüller – [Electrosuisse Bulletin 12/2023] LINK
Pressurized Air Unsulated Underground Cables
🔗 Benedikt Vogel – [BFE Publication Database 12/2023] LINK

Pilot installations & Test reports

45 kV Pressurized Air Cable Pilot Plant: Test & Operating Experience
🔗 W. Holaus – [GIS User Forum Darmstadt 09/2022] LINK
Press Articles & Public Reporting
🔗 Energate 2024 LINK
🔗 Obwaldner Tageszeitung 2024 LINK
🔗 Parliamentary Initiative by Councilor Ettlin LINK
Latest Research & Developtment
On-Site Tests & 1 Year of Operating Experience for 145 kV, 2500 A Pressurized Air Cables
🔗 W. Holaus, Z. Tanasic, R. Lüthi, J. Smajic – [CIGRE 2024] LINK
Engineering & Interfaces of Pressurized Air Cables for Medium & High Voltage Projects
🔗 W. Holaus – [VDE Berlin] LINK
BFE Project SI/502385 "PAC145kV – Demonstrationsanlage Druckluftkabel 145 kV"
🔗 W. Holaus – [BFE Aramis database] LINK

Patents

Hivoduct patent applications
🔗 Hivoduct – [Espacenet patent search] LINK

Additional literature to GIL technology

For detailed information, we recommend the technical book:

Hermann Koch: Gas Insulated Transmission Lines – ISBN 978-0470665336

Technical studies for GIL

AC-Compact High-Performance Gas-Insulated Transmission Lines – Article on Semantic Scholar
Summary of GIL Technology by Mike Rycroft – Article on EE Publishers

Suppliers of GIL-products

Siemens – Gas-Insulated-Lines (GIL)
RBC Energo – GIL with SF6 Insulation
AZZ Inc. – SF6 Gas-Insulated Lines

Insulation gas alternatives

Existing GIL products rely on SF6 or SF6 gas mixtures as the primary insulation between the high-voltage conductor and the housing. Research into alternative environmentally friendly gases is ongoing.

Study on Insulating Gas Alternatives – MDPI Technical Article
ABB GIS Reference Project in Switzerland – Mehr dazu hier

Flange connection technologies: Bolting & welding

Traditional GIL designs either use on-site welding of the housing tubes or bolted flanges to connect individual tubes into a continuous GIL system.

Example of Classic GIL Connections – Wartmann Technology
Siemens Technology for High-Performance Transmission – Documentation

DC-GIL: Future high-voltage transmission

With the increasing use of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, the application of GIL technology for DC applications is also being explored.

Gas-insulated DC lines as an alternative to overhead lines – Power & Beyond Technical Article

Elektromagnetic fields for GIL

There are numerous studies on electromagnetic fields across different transmission technologies. The general consensus:

GIL technology has the lowest external influence, as the conductive, grounded housing significantly reduces the magnetic field.
Study on Electromagnetic Field Exposure in GIL – EMF-Informationsportal